La vitesse du site est cruciale pour l’expérience utilisateur, le référencement et les conversions. Un site web lent peut frustrer les internautes, les poussant à abandonner votre site avant même d’avoir eu l’occasion d’explorer votre contenu. C’est pourquoi nous utilisons une extension de mise en cache pour que nos sites fonctionnent rapidement.
W3 Total Cache est une extension de mise en cache WordPress populaire et puissante qui peut améliorer considérablement les performances de votre site. Il crée des versions statiques de vos pages, ce qui réduit la charge du serveur et permet de fournir le contenu aux internautes beaucoup plus rapidement.
Ce guide destiné aux débutants fournit des instructions étape par étape pour l’installation et la mise en cache de W3 Total Cache sur votre site WordPress. Nous vous expliquerons les fonctionnalités et les paramètres clés afin que vous puissiez optimiser la vitesse de votre site et créer une expérience plus fluide et plus agréable pour vos utilisateurs.
Note de l’éditeur : Nous n’utilisons plus W3 Total Cache sur notre site et sommes passés à WP Rocket, une extension de mise en cache premium. W3 Total Cache reste une excellente solution qui fonctionne bien.
Qu’est-ce que W3 Total Cache ?
W3 Total Cache est l’une des meilleures extensions de mise en cache WordPress qui vous permet d’améliorer facilement les performances et la vitesse de WordPress.
Par défaut, WordPress utilise PHP pour générer dynamiquement chaque page de votre site lorsqu’elle est demandée par un compte.
PHP est un langage de programmation côté serveur. Cela signifie que chaque demande des utilisateurs/utilisatrices augmente la charge de votre serveur. Cela affecte les performances de votre site, l’expérience de l’utilisateur et le référencement.
Les plugins de mise en cache WordPress vous aident à réduire ce problème en passant à PHP et en servant une copie en cache de votre page web.
Il vous permet également de connecter facilement votre site à un CDN (réseau de distribution de contenu) afin d’améliorer encore les performances de votre site.
Programme d’installation de W3 Total Cache dans WordPress
Avant d’installer le plugin W3 Total Cache dans WordPress, vous devez vous assurer que vous avez désactivé toute autre extension de mise en cache sur votre site. Cela vous aidera à enregistrer les ressources du serveur et à éviter tout conflit d’extension.
Ensuite, vous pouvez installer et activer l’extension W3 Total Cache. Pour plus de détails, consultez notre guide étape par étape sur l’installation d’une extension WordPress.
Une fois activé, W3 Total Cache ajoutera un nouvel élément de menu libellé Performance à votre colonne latérale d’administration WordPress. En cliquant dessus, vous lancerez l’assistant de configuration du plugin.
Il suffit de cliquer sur le bouton « Suivant » pour continuer.
Il vous sera d’abord demandé d’activer la mise en cache de la page. Cliquez sur le bouton Tester le cache de la page pour continuer.
W3 Total Cache vous affichera différentes options de moteur de stockage. Vous devez choisir celui qui vous fait gagner le plus de temps. En général, il s’agit de l’option « Disk : Amélioré » pour la plupart des plateformes d’hébergement mutualisé.
Cliquez sur le bouton Suivant pour continuer.
Vous avez maintenant la faculté de tester la mise en cache de la base de données. Nous vous recommandons de choisir Aucun. Pour la plupart des sites de petite ou moyenne taille, votre serveur MySQL sera en mesure de récupérer les données plus rapidement que le cache de la base de données.
Cliquez sur le bouton Suivant pour passer à l’étape suivante.
Vous accéderez ainsi à la section Mise en cache d’objets. La mise en cache d’objets permet à W3 Total Cache de stocker les requêtes de base de données pour les pages dynamiques et de les réutiliser pour améliorer les performances.
Si le résultat du test affiche une différence d’à peine quelques millisecondes, vous pouvez choisir Aucune.
Cliquez sur le bouton suivant pour continuer.
Ensuite, cliquez sur le bouton Tester le cache du navigateur, puis sélectionnez l’option « Activé » sous les résultats du test.
Cette option demande au navigateur de l’utilisateur de stocker une copie de la page web pour une durée limitée. Le chargement d’une page à partir de la mise en cache d’un navigateur est beaucoup plus rapide que le chargement à partir de la mise en cache de votre serveur web.
Cliquez sur le bouton suivant pour passer à l’étape suivante.
Dernier point, l’assistant de configuration vous demandera d’activer le chargement paresseux pour les images.
WordPress est désormais doté d’une fonction intégrée de chargement paresseux des images. Cependant, certains navigateurs plus anciens peuvent ne pas avoir de support pour cette fonctionnalité.
W3 Total Cache utilise JavaScript pour ajouter un chargement paresseux pour les images, ce qui peut être encore plus rapide et plus efficace.
Ensuite, cliquez sur le bouton Suivant pour terminer l’assistant de configuration et voir le tableau de bord de W3 Total Cache.
Options de mise en cache avancées dans W3 Total Cache
Les réglages de base conviennent à la plupart des sites. Cependant, il existe de nombreuses options avancées que vous pouvez configurer pour améliorer encore les performances.
Passons en revue les plus importantes d’entre elles.
Minification de JavaScript et CSS dans W3 Total Cache
Le terme « minifier » est utilisé pour décrire une méthode qui permet de réduire la taille des fichiers de votre site. Pour ce faire, il retire les espaces blancs, les lignes et les caractères inutiles du code source.
Note: La réduction des fichiers JS et CSS peut potentiellement endommager votre site. Si vous l’activez et que votre site n’a pas l’air correct, désactivez simplement ces options.
W3 Total Cache vous permet de minifier facilement le code source JavaScript, CSS et HTML. Cependant, nous recommandons de minifier uniquement les fichiers JavaScript et CSS.
Il suffit de se rendre sur la page Performance » Minify et de défiler jusqu’à la section JS.
Cochez la case située à côté de « JS minify settings » pour l’activer.
Défilez maintenant jusqu’à la section CSS et activez les réglages de minification CSS de la même manière.
N’oubliez pas de cliquer sur le bouton Enregistrer tous les réglages pour stocker vos réglages.
Pour d’autres méthodes, consultez notre guide sur la façon de minifier les fichiers JavaScript et CSS dans WordPress.
Activation de la prise en charge du CDN dans W3 Total Cache
Les réseaux de distribution de contenu (CDN) vous aident à améliorer les performances de votre site en diffusant des fichiers statiques tels que des images, des feuilles de style CSS et du JavaScript à partir d’un réseau mondial de serveurs.
Cela permet de réduire la charge sur le serveur de votre hébergeur WordPress et d’améliorer la vitesse de chargement des pages.
W3 Total Cache est livré avec un support intégré pour diverses plateformes CDN.
Nous recommandons d’utiliser Bunny.net qui est la meilleure solution CDN sur le marché. C’est ce que nous utilisons pour notre site OptinMonster.
Tout d’abord, vous devez vous inscrire pour obtenir un compte Bunny.net. Après l’inscription, vous devez créer une Zone Pull pour votre site.
Une zone pull ajoute un nom d’hôte au CDN de Bunny.net. Ce nom d’hôte est ensuite utilisé pour servir les fichiers statiques de votre site.
Ajoutez un nom pour votre zone pull et indiquez ensuite le nom de domaine de votre site.
Après avoir ajouté la pullzone, vous devez vous rendre sur la page Performance » Réglages généraux.
Ensuite, défilez vers le bas jusqu’à la section CDN.
Cochez la case Activer en regard de l’option CDN et choisissez Miroir générique en regard de l’option Type de CDN.
N’oubliez pas de cliquer sur le bouton Enregistrer toutes les modifications pour stocker vos réglages.
Ensuite, vous devez visiter la page Performance » CDN et défiler jusqu’à la section Configuration : Objets.
À partir de là, vous devez ajouter le nom d’hôte que vous avez créé plus tôt pour votre pullzone et cliquer sur le bouton tester le miroir.
W3 Total Cache vérifiera la disponibilité de votre nom d’hôte et affichera le message Test Passed en cas de réussite.
Vous pouvez maintenant cliquer sur le bouton Enregistrer toutes les modifications pour stocker vos réglages.
W3 Total Cache va maintenant commencer à servir vos ressources statiques à partir du serveur CDN.
W3 Total Cache fonctionne également très bien avec le CDN gratuit de Cloudflare. Version, vous pouvez également l’utiliser avec Sucuri qui est le meilleur service de pare-feu de site avec service CDN intégré.
Dépannage des problèmes liés à W3 Total Cache
Une fois que vous avez configuré W3 Total Cache correctement, il devrait fonctionner de manière transparente en arrière-plan pour améliorer la vitesse de WordPress et booster les performances.
Il peut arriver que vous ne voyiez pas immédiatement les modifications que vous avez apportées à votre site ou qu’une extension ne fonctionne pas correctement.
La raison la plus fréquente de ces problèmes est que vous voyez probablement une ancienne version en cache de votre site.
Ce problème peut être facilement corrigé en vidant le cache de WordPress.
Il vous suffit de cliquer sur le menu Performance en haut de la page, puis de sélectionner l’option Purger tout cache. W3 Total Cache effacera tous les contenus mis en cache sur votre site.
Si vous voyez toujours l’ancienne version de votre site, essayez également de mettre en cache votre navigateur.
Nous espérons que cet article vous a aidé à installer et à configurer W3 Total Cache sur WordPress. Vous pouvez également consulter notre guide sur la façon de booster la vitesse de chargement des pages sur WPBeginner et notre choix d’experts des meilleurs plugins de mise en cache WordPress pour accélérer votre site.
Si vous avez aimé cet article, veuillez alors vous abonner à notre chaîne YouTube pour obtenir des tutoriels vidéo sur WordPress. Vous pouvez également nous trouver sur Twitter et Facebook.
hisweeto
after installation of W3TC i cant upload imgs from my web profile page .. please help
Manolis
hi,
how i can restore my settings to default? how i can restore the redirect of cdn.mydomain.com to my default domain name???
Ashutosh Kumar Gupta
I have recently uploaded wordpress in two new sites. While configuring w3 total cache, I am cannot enable page cache after so many attempts. Other websites are working fine.
Hansjörg Leichsenring
Hi, do you have any tipps of how to make W3 Total Cache and AdRotate work together? It seems to be a horrible Task.
Cheers from Germany
Hansjörg
WPBeginner Staff
You can add your shopping cart page as an exception in w3 total cache. Under Performance > Page Cache scroll down to advanced section where you will find the option ‘Never cache the following pages’. For example, if your eCommerce plugin uses a page cart for checkout, then simply enter “cart/” to exclude that page or “cart/*” to exclude that page and all sub-pages. (Without the quotes, of course.)
Marou Wing
Hi Guys, thank you for the awesome article, it made my site much faster than before! However I have encountered with a little issue. My site has webshop and the checkout page (due to the Credit Card payment option) has https (I have my own SSL hosted by RapidSSL). So the checkout page (I assume because of the SSL is totally messed up when the W3TotalCache is enabled, no formats, no pictures, no colours only text…) How can I fix this issue, do you have any recommendation? Thank you, Marou
WPBeginner Staff
We haven’t noticed any significant conflicts on any of our websites where we use it. Even then, if you come across a conflict then notify the plugin author by using the support tab on the plugin’s page.
adeem jan
Thanks for writing this tutorial on how to setup and decrease a blog load time using W3 total cache.
I use this same plugin on one of my blogs, the resulting speed of the blog is awesome.
Although, i have seen many people complain about this plugin that it sometimes conflict with other wordpress plugins.
I don’t know if you have experienced this in person?
Roger Phillips
Hi thanks for the video I enjoyed it, I’ve used w3 total cache for over 5 years on all four of my personal sites and I honestly have to say I’ve alway had better luck 90% of the time using it right out of the box, less likely to break other function that way. Kind of the risk vrs rewards factor and that normally persuades me to just use it out of the box. After watching this video and decided to give the settings you requested a try, You helped me out quite a bit. My site went up in speed from 82% to 97% page speed, and yslow score went from 72% to 93%, thanks for the setting can’t wait to try them on my other sites!
Fish
Arif Ahmed
I used W3 cache through my developer. My site was acting weirdly, it does not load properly on first instance and when I refresh the page it is loaded properly. This happens with every page. When I told my developer, he told me that it because my internet speed is slow and the page is not able to serve from cache. So why is this happening ? Any clue
Rachael
Like the previous person Ss, I am new to WP and I followed this plugin tutorial video (aside from the minify, CDN stuff). I got the same message at the top of my pages in wp admin: « The setting change(s) made either invalidate the cached data or modify the behavior of the site. now to provide a consistent user experience. » Why did this happen and Should I dismiss it or click on the empty cache button? Help, Please!
imssarl
I installed that way, but my site design is all messed. I have my blog installed on a subdomain: blog.mydomain.com ; what should I set for the cdn? cdn.blog.mydomain.com?
Jimmy
Yes, that’s how you do it. But I would prefer example.com/blog/ for better SEO.
Salud Casera
I followed the instructions for beginners and all it tooks was three clicks to set it all up (if you are not using CDN). It would be good to have a more advanced version of this post.
Edit : After testing for speed, it only made my website slower.
bemed
I mean I installed W3 Total Cache on the Network Admin but it does not show on the website that I want it to be active.
Does it handles multi-site installations or it only works individually?
bemed
Hoe does it work on a multi site installation?
WPBeginner Staff
Take a look at this URL:
http://site1.example.com
In this URL site1 is a subdomain of example.com
Macca Sherifi
Hi guys,
Great article, but what exactly do you mean about the subdomains? Any info would be appreciated!
Cheers,
Macca
Chad Rogez
That was just what I needed. Made the setup much easier and the details allowed me to understand what the purpose of each function was. Thanks for the details!
Kristine
Hi, thank you for the tips! I read on some blog, they check all the setting (minify, database cache, etc) without explain what the function does..
Just setup my w3 today
Ashutosh Bhardwaj
Hi, This was a great step guid, well i was searching something like disabling w3tc adding query string to my images inserted in post. Actually it breaks the lightbox effect. There seems to be not an option on panel
Anyway Gud Post
md
This was extremely helpful. W3TC has some of the most non-intuitive settings I have ever seen.
Ss
Thanks for this tut, I’m pretty new to wp and all this helps a great deal! I installed and activated this plugin as per your post (aside for the CDN part). However the following message appears at the top of all pages in wp admin: « The setting change(s) made either invalidate the cached data or modify the behavior of the site. now to provide a consistent user experience. »
Should I dismiss this or click on the empty page cache button?
Erin Singh
Thank you for posting this tutorial. The W3 Total Cache that I installed displays this General Setting. Does this General Setting need to be enabled as well?
Craig
Very helpful post! Been using W3TC for quite awhile, but configuring a CDN can be a little tricky. This guide made it a breeze. Thank you!
Fauzul
Luckily found this short tutorial, my blog page load increased severely after setting up the caches. Now I know better what to turn on and what cache to leave disabled. On shared hosting, in my opinion it’s only good to turn on page cache and browser cache.
Now going to try it with a CDN. Hopefully things can improve further.
Susan
Hi,
I using a wp multi site install and Cloudflare but I just cannot find any instructions on how to configure W3.
When activated network wide there is nowhere to add individual distributions for each sub domain.
Or else I’m missing something!
Any help is much appreciated
cheers
WPBeginner Support
You will find CloudFlare available as an extension under Performance » Extensions. After activating CloudFlare extension you will be able to see its settings.
Administrateur
Ejaz Khan
Thanks!
Sharon
Awesome article! Just what I was looking for – my site is on Hostgator and I’d love to use both W3 Total Cache and Max CDN. Perfect.
BUT I got lost at the point of creating subdomains. I just don’t understand what that means or how to create one. Just make one up? Find one somewhere on my site. Very confused.
My site is slow – it gets a C at best on GTMetrixs, and I’m preparing to do a big campaign. I need help.
Do ya’ll offer support services? I saw that you do free blog set ups. Would accept payment to help set these up for me?
Sharon
avgjoegeek
Sharon – dunno if you received help on this or not? Feel free to contact me if its still not resolved.
Mike Hirst
Thanks so much for this article. My site is blazing fast now!
Zubair
Hi ! its a nice plugin . but i installed WP Fastest cache instead , so now i am facing a little problem with this . i have used contact form 7 with really simple captcha but after installing the WP Fastest Cache the captcha image is broken in the website. so how to get rid of this or if i install w3tc will i overcome this problem.
Regards
Zubair
Ashutosh Bhardwaj
That might be the reason, because in order to make everything cachable, ur plugin might have added a query string as suffix to image name, and it broke.
Ask plugin support, they will help for sure
Philip Verghese Ariel
Hi Admin & Syed Balkhi.
What a pleasant land here.
I am really in search of such a page
since I am new to this platform called WP
Recently i created (migrated) my blogger page here with the help of one of my blogger friends. Now I am here via Arun’s page here at WP, and found this place is a good place for a WP beginner like me I think this looks like a bit advanced page to me, so i am going
to your Archives WPBEGINNER ARCHIVES » to find some basic lessons
Anyways I will be here to look and study around
Thanks a lot for all your efforts to put these lessons in a systematic way.
I am bookmarking this page.
Have a wonderful time.
Best Regards
Philip
Alex
thanks guys for your awesome job.
In the dashboard W3 gives a tip to upgrade to Pro for $99. However all the functions you described can be checked without upgrade.
Then what this upgrade is for? – should i go ahead and purchase the upgrade?
avgjoegeek
That is for their « Pro » Service. If you use Genesis framework they will offer additional ‘special’ caching and monitoring to help speed up your site more. Most people do not need this.
Ashutosh Bhardwaj
So u need not purchase it simple
Carla
I’ve been trying to set up this plugin for ages. I just left the default settings and it was very helpful. Now that I have additional settings checked, my site is super speedy. Thanks so much! I did not set the CDN though because I have ClourFlare enbaled.
David Geer
I am at the step where I configure the CDN section in W3TC. I added cdn.davidgeer.com and clicked add cname. It added it and said it was reserved for CSS. Then another field popped up to add another CNAME and it said it is reserved for js in . Should I keep adding each of my consecutive cnames to the available cname fields that pop up here in W3TC and then save settings?
WPBeginner Support
You need to add CNAMEs you created with MAX CDN.
Administrateur
Adam Lindsey
I seem to be having an issue as well. There is the long CNAME url.url.netdna.cdn.com that works, but if I use the cdn.tnmedia.com, cdn1.tnmedia.com, etc. It doesn’t work. Isn’t it better to have JS files pulling form one subdomain and have another pulled form a different one or am I way off base here?
Joe DeCaro
I love your site. I installed W3TC and set it up as you suggested. I’m on shared hosting. Now that it is installed, I’m getting emails from readers saying they can’t see our latest posts as they go up.
Did I do something wrong?
I set the browser cache settings step by step as you advised.
What may have cause this new issue for my readers since installing the W3?
Thanks.
My site is MetsmerizedOnline.com
Osnilton Mozarino
Thanks for the great article!!! As usual very well written and informative.
Question: I now have a pretty clear idea about CDN, however for a regional or national only web site, will it still be benefitial to use it, as the hosting server(s) are already in the main cities, say close enough? As it seems to be a great thing for international web sites.
Thank you
WPBeginner Support
Yes if u live in a big country like US. If you are in a small country then no.
Administrateur
Himanshu Goel
Hey I have tried installing and managing with this plugin and I don’t own a cdn. do this plugin works with cdn better or we can try some extra efforts in settings to make this work better without cdn.
Should we actually use caching plugin if we are not running up with cdn services (I am involving every cache plugin)
WPBeginner Support
W3 Total Caches works without CDN and is still very useful. However, using a CDN service will further boost your page load time.
Administrateur
Zalmey
My Question is that, will I get better performance from W3TC without MaxCDN & CloudFlare. Does anyone using it with these 2 and having a good load time?
avgjoegeek
If setup properly? W3TC/MaxCDN and Cloudflare can significantly speed up your website.
I used W3TC to configure to use MaxCDN. Then did a manual install for CloudFlare, You don’t need to configure it within W3TC. And it is fast… very fast once it’s all setup!
Andy Crichton
Great article. I know just about enough to get myself in trouble, so I did ask the MaxCDN guys a lot of questions before and during setup. I asked a couple of times about the subdomains, I said it sounds cool and logical to have the 4 extra to serve certain files « instantly » – they said the difference in delivery is almost non existent, like 10ms. So I havent bothered. Have you really seen a significant difference with / without the 4 subdomains at work?
thanks
PS I didnt know about your affiiation before I signed up to MaxCDN, but anyone reading, wow, the company is brilliant! There was an issue with my forum plugin – when the CDN was installed, the theme broke if you did a quote, and also members couldnt login. MaxCDN analysed it and I gave them admin access and they sorted it. Also the delivery of the site (hosted in Colorado) now in Europe is down from 4 secs to 1.5 according to pingdom.
WPBeginner Support
Andy, its up to you, we would say that every millisecond counts.
Administrateur
Sherif
Hi,
Thanks for your time writing this, it is very helpful and i setup W3TC but after that i started getting a strange error about database connection lost every time i try to post new post or edit and existing one,any clue what should i do or where to start looking around
If i disabled the plugin, this error message is not showing any more and i am able to post normally
Sherif
WPBeginner Support
Try turning off Database Caching, if that does not work, then you can try to optimize your WordPress database using phpMyAdmin.
Administrateur
Donna Caissie
I installed Total Cache several weeks ago, and since then, using my backend has been a nightmare. Every time I tried to do anything in the backend, my browser (Firefox) would hang. I finally deactivated Total Cache today, and now my backend works just ducky.
Hayslan
Hey guys, what do you think of leaving somewhere in the post – maybe at the end, a ‘log’ of what section / topic went updated?
A long time ago I read this article and now for example I have no idea at what point it went updated.
Would not it be helpful? Let me know!
Cynic
Great article. Thanks for sharing.
Savvas
Does it work ok with wp multisite??
WPBeginner Support
w3 total cache supports multisite
Administrateur
Steve
I’ve tried several times to install caching plugins (both W3 Total Cache and WP Super Cache) and in every case, my overall site performance takes a major hit as soon as the plugin is activated/configured.
This time, I followed the instructions to the letter as shown above. However (as has occurred in every other time I’ve tried), load time throughout the site has at least tripled.
The one thing I didn’t do in every case is get a CDN, due to the cost involved.
So my question is this.. do the caching plugins only work in conjunction with a CDN?
If so, is there any other way to speed up performance (aside from the obvious – removing plugins, etc). I use WP Optimize regularly.
WPBeginner Support
There could be some server configuration problem on your host’s end.
Administrateur
Steve
Could you give me more details on what to ask about? My hosting service service is usually good about that sort of thing, but I’d need to know specifically what to ask about.
Andrew
Turn off database caching if you are on shared hosting, it will bring your speed back up.
Abhisek
I am planning to go for maxCDN but, i have a dilemma that, i use a sub-domain to store all my media files something like this – media.example.com. As a result Wp-Smush it plugin no more works and i have to compress images myself using png-gauntlet software in windows. Will this sub-domain also create any problem in switching to maxCDN ?
Manasseh Copinger
Great post really like every single post from you.
Shahraar Khan
Very nice tutorial . But I personally like wp Super cache
Jeremy Myers
First, where is your « after » screen shot from Pingdom? That « before » test was pretty dang good, and I am curious to see if it actually improved.
Second, I have done a lot of testing between W3 Total Cache and WP Super Cache. I agree with W3 has more options and seems to be a better plugin, but with W3, my server response time nearly tripled! It went from about .25 seconds to almost a full second. Why is this?
Third, what about Cloudflare integration? Any suggestions one way or the other?
Denise Blackman
Hi Jeremy. I don’t have the answer to the increased response time of your server with W3, but I had the same problem. Mine, however, was even more severe, with an increase to almost 1.25 sec. I wish someone could answer this. My host provider has no answer either. My personal guess is that the server that is hosting my account, which is a shared server, is over taxed. It is normally what happens when an account suddenly has major performance issues.
In reference to CloudFlare, I have tried to integrate it, but had problems with my theme. I had to disable it. It made way too many changes to my CSS. I don’t know a lot about CloudFlare, and it sounded great. I just couldn’t figure out a way to make it work with my theme at all.
Dmitriy
Great article, very detailed!
If someone has any questions regarding MaxCDN feel free to ask me.
Thank you
Alex
Dmitry,
Due to localized business activity my website is set for a specific location, Moscow Russia. That said I don’t expect people from other cities to bother me. Do you think I still should go for the MaxCDN?
Thanks
Raghu
One more step for MaxCDN : Add noindex to cdn contents to prevent Google from indexing CDN contents which will create duplicate content issues.
It’s under Zones > Pull zones > SEO
Check enable and use custom robots (with default code for robots.txt)
Alex
Raghu,
thanks for the heads-up. Do you mean I need to edit robots.txt or there are just default options that I need to check in Zones > Pull zones > SEO section?
The necessity to touch robots.txt kind of scares me as I am not a coder.
thanks